The use of gang injunction zones to surveil minority populations under the guise of public safety has been well-criticized in literature, where connections have been made between such policies and patterns of organized displacement and gentrification. Much existing research exists within the Los Angeles context. This study focuses instead on Oakland’s two gang injunction zones, implemented in 2010 and 2012, and repealed in 2015. This confined period of activity allows for measurements of changing spatial relationships and concentrations between police activity and population demographics over time, referred to here as “spatial legacies”. Specifically, changes in Black youth population are examined alongside an aggregation of law enforcement activity at the block level. ACS data is proportionally split to the parcel level to increase the study’s spatial resolution. Anselin’s LISA and geographically weighted regression (GWR) are harnessed as primary methodologies and subsequently stacked to qualitatively analyze population displacement. The study culminates in two case studies selected from this qualitative overlay in order to ground the findings at human-scale.
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Organized Displacement: A Policing Legacy
